When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled around, they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave.

当声波进入耳蜗这条盘旋的管道，它令薄膜前后移动并且产生新的波动。

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“The thermal wave squeezes electrons out of the nanotubes like a tube of toothpaste, ” Strano explained.

“热浪把电子从毫微管里像挤牙膏一样挤出来，”斯特拉诺解释说。

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"The thermal wave squeezes electrons out of the nanotubes like a tube of toothpaste," Strano explained.

“热浪把电子从毫微管里像挤牙膏一样挤出来，”斯特拉诺解释说。

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Less dramatic slowing of the wave causes the surf to spill back down the face of the wave instead of forming a tube.

ECONOMIST: On the beach

The surfer, standing in the tube, or just in front of the break, slides down the wave like a skier, while the wave, and the buoyancy of the surfboard, bear him upwards and forwards.

ECONOMIST: On the beach